Patients suffering from chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis (including hepatitis B and C carrier) are at increased risk of liver cancer. They require regular ultrasound screening of liver, for early detection and treatment of cancer. Ultrasound examination may also help to assess complication from cirrhosis.
For individuals without chronic hepatitis, ultrasound of liver can be used to screen for common problems like fatty liver and obstruction of biliary system.

Thyroid nodules are very common healthcare problem. Some thyroid nodules can become enormous, affecting patient's cosmesis and even compromising breathing and swallowing. Occasionally, they may harbour cancer.
Through simple and non-invasion screening with ultrasound scan, thyroid nodules can be assessed of their cancer risk, guiding further management. Further cytological examination can also be safely carried out on suspicious nodule for diagnosis.
For patients suffering from functional disturbance of thyroid (including abnormally high or low thyroid hormone level), ultrasound scan may also assist on diagnosis and treatment.

Occasionally, some patients with diseased kidneys have renal function impairment that renders them not suitable for contrast-enhanced imaging (including some CT or MRI scans). In these circumstances, ultrasound scan would become a good option that does not bring extra burden to the diseased kidneys.
From the flanks, the left and right kidneys can be clearly visualized. When patients are noted to have blood in urine or flank pain, ultrasound scan is commonly used to detect renal stone and to exclude upper urinary system obstruction. Ultrasound scan can broadly assess renal parenchyma, including inflammatory change and chronic renal disease (for example renal disease due to diabetes mellitus). Last but not least, it can also look for renal tumours and the commonly encountered renal cysts.

Using ultrasound, the gallbladder can be easily visualized. Common problems like gallstones, gallbladder polyps, and gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis) can be assessed in details. Comparing to computed tomography (CT scan), ultrasound scan is also free from electromagnetic radiation or contrast injection.

Carotid arteries supply blood to the head and neck regions (including the brain). Therefore, obstruction of the blood flow of carotid arteries would compromise blood supply to the brain, and ultimately, cause stroke.
Ultrasound scan is an easy and non-invasive way to assess the status of carotid arteries. Simple measurement of carotid artery (intima-media) wall thickness can also help in overall cardiovascular risk assessment. With the application of ultrasound doppler, actual blood flow and and obstruction of carotid arteries can be assessed, guiding clinical treatment.

Comparing to other diagnostic imaging, ultrasound can effectively assess deep veins of the limbs.
Deep vein thrombosis is a condition seen in bed-bound patients, and can be caused by prolonged sitting ("economy class syndrome"). Together with doppler technique, ultrasound can detect deep vein thrombosis of the legs, allowing prompt treatment to avoid serious or even possibly life-threatening complications.
Ultrasound scan can also check for other common cause of leg swelling, including skin infection (cellulitis), general edema, and Baker's cyst, etc..